Queen Idia was a highly influential and powerful figure in the Benin Kingdom (now located in present-day Nigeria) during the 16th century. She was a fierce warrior, a skilled diplomat, and a powerful political leader. Queen Idia was the mother of Esigie, the Oba of Benin who reigned from 1504 to 1550. Following the death of Esigie’s father, Oba Ozolua, Queen Idia was instrumental in securing the title of Oba for him. To that end, she raised an army to fend off his brother Arhuaran, who was eventually defeated in combat. As a result, Esigie became Benin’s 17th Oba.
Esigie created the title of iyoba (queen mother) and bestowed it on his mother, as well as Eguae-Iyoba (Palace of the Queen Mother). Queen Mother/Iy’oba Idia was known locally as “the only woman who went to war.” Iy’oba Idia was therefore highly revered by her son and his people. Queen Idia served as regent during the reign of her son, Oba Esigie, and is credited with significantly expanding the kingdom's territory and wealth through trade and military conquests. She wielded considerable political power, often advising her son on matters of state and diplomacy. Her policies promoted economic prosperity and cultural development within the Benin Kingdom. Queen Idia is believed to have played a key role in promoting trade with European powers, particularly the Portuguese. She is said to have encouraged the development of new trade routes and the production of goods for export.
One of her most famous legacies is the "Idia Mask," a stunning ivory sculpture that depicts her as a powerful and enigmatic figure. his mask is regarded as a masterpiece of Benin art, symbolizing her strength and influence. Oba Esigie commissioned this work, as well as four other ivory pendants, to honor his strong and powerful mother. Queen Mother Idia of Benin scuplture is one of the finest ivory carvings from Benin and possibly from all of Africa. The sculpture of Queen Mother Idia of Benin wears a crown of eleven small, bearded faces (ten of which survive). These decorated faces represent the Portuguese traders and sailors who frequently visited the Kingdom of Benin. Their inclusion represents the international trade and diplomatic relations that both Iy'oba Idia and Oba Esigie had with Portugal. These European visitors served as both trading partners and political allies for the African kingdom. This lovely ivory piece, made from an African material of abundance and prosperity, was stolen from Benin's Royal Palace during the punitive Benin expedition in 1897.
People all across the world are still inspired by and fascinated by Queen Idia's legacy. Her story demonstrates the strength and impact that women can have throughout history.
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